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What is the working principle of servo motor
Servo motor is a closed-loop control system that achieves precise control through command input and feedback regulation. The core working principles are as follows: command input, signal processing, closed-loop control, position control, speed control, torque control, and feedback regulation
What is the working principle of servo motor
Servo motor is a closed-loop control system that achieves precise control through command input and feedback adjustment. The core working principle is as follows:
Command input: Receive external control signals (such as pulses, analog signals), set target position, speed, or torque.
Signal processing: The driver parses instructions, compares them with real-time position and velocity signals fed back by the encoder, and calculates errors.
Closed loop control: Adjust the motor output through position loop, speed loop, and torque loop to eliminate errors. For example:
Position control: Determine displacement and precise positioning based on the number of pulses and electronic gear ratio.
Speed control: Adjust the speed through analog or pulse frequency to maintain a constant speed or change speed according to a set curve.
Torque control: Adjust the output torque according to the load demand, suitable for scenarios such as tension control.
Feedback regulation: The encoder monitors the motor status in real-time, forming a "command execution feedback" loop to ensure high accuracy and fast response.
Collaboration of key components:
Motor body: converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, divided into DC brushless, AC synchronous and other types.
Driver: The core control unit that realizes signal conversion, closed-loop operation, and power drive.
Sensors, such as photoelectric encoders, provide real-time feedback on position and speed, supporting closed-loop control.
Features: High precision, high responsiveness, no self rotation (requiring continuous power supply), widely used in industrial robots, CNC machine tools and other fields.
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