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Working principle of servo motor
The working principle of servo motors is based on a closed-loop control system, which achieves high-precision control through pulse positioning and real-time feedback. The following are the core points: pulse positioning mechanism, closed-loop control system, core components, key characteristics. Through the above mechanisms, servo motors are widely used in high-precision positioning, high-speed motion control and other scenarios in the field of automation.
Working principle of servo motor
The working principle of servo motors is based on a closed-loop control system, which achieves high-precision control through pulse positioning and real-time feedback. The following are the core points:
Pulse positioning mechanism
The servo motor rotates by a corresponding angle (usually 1 °) every time it receives a pulse, and outputs the same number of pulses simultaneously. By comparing the matching degree between the input pulse and the feedback pulse, the system can accurately control the motor rotation, with a positioning accuracy of up to 0.001mm.
closed loop control system
Instruction input: The controller (such as PLC) sends target position/speed instructions to the driver.
Real time feedback: The encoder detects the actual position and speed of the motor and feeds back the data to the driver.
Error adjustment: The driver calculates the error signal through PID algorithm, adjusts the output current to drive the motor, and achieves closed-loop control.
Core components
Encoder: Convert mechanical displacement into digital pulse signals to determine the accuracy of motor rotation.
Driver: receives control signals and adjusts motor current, serving as a bridge connecting the controller and motor.
Motor body: adopting permanent magnet rotor design, it quickly responds to rotation after inputting electrical signals.
Key Features
High precision: Closed loop control achieves micrometer level positioning accuracy.
High responsiveness: Excellent dynamic performance, short acceleration and deceleration time (usually in milliseconds).
High torque density: outputting large torque at low speeds to meet heavy load requirements.
Through the above mechanism, servo motors are widely used in high-precision positioning, high-speed motion control and other scenarios in the field of automation.
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